Community: Mount Gretna
National Guard Encampment at Mt. Gretna (PA National Guard Military Museum, n.d.)
The Conewago Hotel overlooking Conewago Lake (Mount Gretna Area Historical Society, 2019)
Modern Day Mt. Gretna (Ldub, 2013)
Let’s do a little thought experiment…Imagine it is 1927 and you are sitting at your breakfast table with your wife or husband in your upper-class Central PA home. It’s a typical July morning and your wool and cotton cloths are already starting to itch…. After the newspaper or hand fan you're using to cool yourself gives way, you finally let your significant other know…That’s it! I need to get out of here, we are going on a vacation!.. But where? Well, it will probably have to be somewhere outside that offers some way to cool yourself (although invented in 1905, air conditioners won't be common for another 25 years). It also has to be somewhere relatively close, within a day’s train or carriage ride away. O yea, we also need some of that healing power afforded by nature. The daily tasks of living a refined modern life takes its toll after all. You know exactly what you need…A nice refreshing stay at Mount Gretna, Pennsylvania.
Mount (Mt.) Gretna is the child of Robert (Bob) Habersham Coleman. The Coleman family was a wealthy family that initially found its wealth by acquiring the iron furnaces throughout Lebanon County. In 1879, only in his early 20’s, Bob inherited the majority controlling interest in the family business. Among creating more modern iron furnaces, Bob acquired banks, improved production of his thousands of acres of farmland in Lebanon, York, and Lancaster Counties, and created the Cornwall - Lebanon Railroad (C&L) line. Especially interested in his C&L line, Bob took the liberty of heading the committee which selected stopping stations along the C&L line. An obvious choice for a stop was the heavily forested high ground between Lebanon and Lancaster known as Gretna. To make this stop more appealing it was decided the prefix Mount should be added to the name, hence the name Mount Gretna.
By 1884 Bob directed Mt. Gretna be converted to a recreational park. Space was cleared and picnicking areas were created. The next year Bob convinced the PA National Guard to take up residence in the area, a residence they would retain until moving to Fort Indiantown Gap at the start of WWII. 1889 saw the construction of the Mt. Gretna Narrow Gauge Railway. Although the majority of the line operated for only about six years, this 2-foot wide railroad would transport tourists to the top of Governor Dick Mountain and soldiers to the nearby rifle range. The rail would continue to transport soldiers to the rifle range until 1916, when the train flipped while a large number of soldiers attempted to board it from one side.
Million Gallon Pool Advertisement (Falk, 2021)
Mt. Gretna Narrow Gauge Rail Line
(Wikipedia, 2021)
Map of Mt. Gretna Narrow Gauge Rail Line Route (Wikipedia, 2021)
In 1890, Bob built an exhibition hall (today the Mount Gretna Roller Rink) and welcomed the American Farmers’ Encampment. This event, which can be thought of as a precursor to the Pennsylvania Farm Show, would run annually until 1916 and attract crowds upwards of 20,000 people (Lebtown, 2019).
1892 is identified as the “defining year” (MGAHS, n.d.) of Mt. Gretna. It was in this year that Bob was approached by the United Brethren camp meeting at Stoverdale and a committee created to form a Pennsylvania Chautauqua. The latter was a movement during the late 19th and early 20th centuries which created a community that brought artists, educators, musicians, showmen, preachers, and other specialists together. The goal of the Chautauqua was to bring access to entertainment, education, and culture to the whole community. Bob accommodated both, and from 1892 on, Mount Gretna was seen as a place to take extended summer vacations between Memorial Day to Labor Day. In 1909 the Conewago Hotel was constructed and the area was now known throughout the country as one of the best summer resorts in the Nation.
Fast forward to 1926, Abraham Lincoln Kauffman, opened his own resort, The Willows, on land adjacent to Mt. Gretna. Among a roller coaster called “The Rocket” (which was bigger than the Comet at Hershey Park) and a carousel, one of the attractions of this park was the “Million Gallon Pool” (Falk, 2021) that was lined with concrete. Although, most likely not a million gallons, this pool was huge nonetheless and boosted daily water changes. Prosperous at first, Abraham Kauffman found himself in financial troubles, and by 1928 the bank repossessed his park. Soon after, thanks to the great depression, the park was permanently closed. Today the Mount Gretna heights can be attributed to Mr. Kauffman's ambition.
With the advent of the automobile, the decline of the railroad, the Great Depression, and the onset of WWII, Mount Gretna transitioned to a year round residential area rather than a summer retreat. However, remnants of its historical past are visible throughout Mt. Gretna. The Lebanon Valley Rail Trail (former C&L line) and the surrounding Governor Dick Park and State Game Lands all hold evidence of the area's past.
Take a bike ride on the Cornwall-Lebanon Railroad (Lebanon Valley Rail Trail) and stop off in Mount Gretna. If you bring your mountain bike, you can even trace the old narrow gauge rail route up to Governor Dick Mountain.
Mount Gretna Train Station (Pennsylvania Heritage Magazine, 2019)
Citations:
Falk, J. (2021, January 12). Memories are all that remains of Mount Gretna's million gallon pool. LebTown. Retrieved April 9, 2022, from https://lebtown.com/2021/01/12/memories-are-all-that-remains-of-mount-gretnas-million-gallon-pool/
LDub. (2013, September 10). The "A little piece of paradise amongst the trees" story. The "A Little Piece Of Paradise Amongst The Trees" Story. Retrieved April 9, 2013, from https://lifewithldub.blogspot.com/2013/09/the-little-piece-of-paradise-amongst.html
Mount Gretna Area Historical Society. (2019, May 7). A Brief History of Mount Gretna. Mount Gretna Area Historical Society. Retrieved April 9, 2022, from https://mtgretnahistory.org/2018/06/05/a-brief-history-of-mount-gretna/
Mount Gretna history. Pennsylvania National Guard Military Museum. (n.d.). Retrieved April 9, 2022, from http://www.pngmilitarymuseum.org/mt-gretna.html
Mount Gretna's spirit lives on. Pennsylvania Heritage Magazine. (2019, November 5). Retrieved April 9, 2022, from http://paheritage.wpengine.com/article/mount-gretna-spirit-lives-on/
Museum. Mount Gretna Area Historical Society. (2021, December 31). Retrieved April 9, 2022, from https://mtgretnahistory.org/research/museum/
ReelNostalgia. (2014, July 4). Mt. Gretna Lake & Beach Memories Lebanon, PA. YouTube. Retrieved April 9, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ila90c0rR8
Wikimedia Foundation. (2021, August 10). Mount Gretna Narrow Gauge Railway. Wikipedia. Retrieved April 9, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Gretna_Narrow_Gauge_Railway
Wikimedia Foundation. (2022, April 2). Robert Habersham Coleman. Wikipedia. Retrieved April 9, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Habersham_Coleman
Wikimedia Foundation. (2022, February 25). Chautauqua. Wikipedia. Retrieved April 9, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chautauqua